Archive for the ‘写作’ Category

地方戏,还能唱多久?

Sunday, February 19th, 2012

春节期间,母亲从山东老家来杭州,心心念念想看一出原汁原味的越剧现场演出,恰好浙江小百花剧团演出贺岁剧《陆游与唐琬》,我就要了票陪她去看。进场听了一会儿,她疑惑地问:“这唱的是越剧吗?”我点点头。她又继续看下去,走出剧场的时候,她问:“什么时候才演《梁祝》、《红楼梦》啊?”我告诉她,现在越剧团都在忙着创新,你说的这些老古董早已不演了。

越剧是全国地方戏曲中日子过得最好的,因为还有政府扶植和市场支持,而其他剧种的现状就不容乐观了。据上个世纪60年代统计,中国地方戏有382个剧种,经过半个多世纪的风雨变迁,现在所剩不到一半。戏曲大省陕西省曾有52个剧种,目前只剩下28个,河南省曾有65个剧种,现在也仅剩30多个剧种。

以往的戏剧研究者往往把地方戏曲衰落的原因归结为电视等新媒体的冲击,这个解释确实很方便,但是并不能完全经得起推敲。上个世纪50年代到80年代,电影的普及并没有消灭戏曲,相反却把许多优秀的地方戏通过银幕展示在全国观众面前,豫剧《朝阳沟》、评剧《花为媒》、河北梆子《宝莲灯》、吕剧《李二嫂改嫁》、黄梅戏《女驸马》等就是那个时候风靡全国的。新媒介并不是戏曲艺术的终结者,相反还是其促进者,真正促成地方戏曲兴衰的还是人们审美趣味的转变。

戏曲艺术的勃兴离不开市场和观众。以越剧为例,这种起源于绍兴嵊县的地方戏,之所以在上个世纪三四十年代迅速发展起来,是因为在上海找到了大市场。而上海以纺纱女工为主体的观众群,决定了越剧的审美取向必然是女性视角、浪漫婉约。有一种说法,在上个世纪上海滩的大户人家允许子女听京剧,但禁止他们听越剧,怕的是被那些才子佳人故事给感染。

作为戏剧艺术的一种,戏曲可以反复欣赏,百听不厌,这是小说和电影所做不到的。所以,在特定的历史阶段,戏曲可以承载更多的时代精神,与千万观众的脉搏相契合。在我的家乡山东,有几出传统吕剧剧目反复上演,比如:《小姑贤》、《李二嫂改嫁》等,它们都反映了旧式家庭中婆媳之间的矛盾,都以婆婆欺负儿媳开始,又以儿媳大获全胜为结局。对于我母亲这一代观众来说,这些剧目曾让她们进入角色,宣泄生活中敢怒不敢言的情绪。而如今这类剧目已很难引起观众的共鸣,因为生活中已经没有了强势的婆婆,相反却多了许多强悍的儿媳。失去了现实意义的戏剧当然行之不远。

正是看到了这种时代的变迁,越剧的后来者们开始了求变之路。人称“茅司令”的著名越剧演员茅威涛说:“今天我们必须考虑,观众还会不会在模式化的爱情故事中感动,越剧除了非常雅致地表现爱情之外,还有没有更开阔的道路。”基于这种考虑,小百花越剧团创作了大量新剧,从《孔乙己》到《第一次亲密接触》再到《简爱》,越剧变得越来越不像传统的绍兴戏,这里面固然不排除有拿奖、烧钱的逐利冲动,但谁又能否认新一代戏曲工作者化危为机、求新图变的不懈追求呢?

不过凡事皆有个度,越剧现在面临的问题是“过度创新”。传统优秀剧目没人排演,各种垃圾剧目却以创新的名义被制造出来。违背戏曲的规律乱创唱腔,配器极尽豪华臃肿之能事,舞美花里胡哨、过于写“实”,而丧失了传统戏曲的空灵之美。

当《陆游与唐琬》的华丽幕启之时,在绍兴的河上驶过一条绿皮船,这是已经成立十年的民间东寿越剧团,这个只有16人的剧团,每年演出200多场,大部分都是传统剧目。它们接下了小百花们不愿意做的苦活累活,靠老板包场、唱堂会维持生计。他们是为戏曲续命的另一种力量,在桨声灯影中,守护着一个绵延了千年的梦。

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Learning BUGS IN WRITING

Friday, February 17th, 2012

BUGS IN WRITING is a book written by Dupre, an editor who made a MIT professor cry. Basically this book teaches readers how to write lucidly and precisely. It inherits the principles in The Element of Style, for example, avoid using passive sentences. It fights with redundancy and emphasizes precision of writing. This is a wonderful book suitable for every reader though it was intended to help students studying computer. You should have one if you want to improve your writing rapidly.

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Test from my iPhone

Wednesday, February 15th, 2012

Hello world.

– 发送自我的 iPhone

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Tuesday, February 14th, 2012

Estimated Total Annual Building Energy Consumption for New York City

Estimated Total Annual Building Energy Consumption for New York City

Amazing information graphic.

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Breastfeeding – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sunday, January 8th, 2012

Breastfeeding – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

It’s a wise idea to donate to Wikipedia because it spread truth.

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When breast milk seems less

Sunday, January 8th, 2012

When breast milk seems less

Only several reasons:

  • Mother’s mental state.
  • Feeding pattern.
  • Baby suckle improperly.

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How can breastfeeding mothers increase their breast milk supply? – BabySpot

Sunday, January 8th, 2012

How can breastfeeding mothers increase their breast milk supply? – BabySpot

Breastfeeding vs Formula feeding. It’s a personal choice. It’s a war against prejudice and unbelief. It’s a fight in home. It’s also a victory of science, patience and bravery.

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The Human Intelligence Enterprise: Spring 2011

Friday, January 6th, 2012

The Human Intelligence Enterprise: Spring 2011

This book list is recommended by a MIT professor. I like the personalization and vividness in it. It’s also very informative. From this list I have known a great scientific writer: James Watson. I downloaded his major works and prepare to read them as detective novels.

Thank @cxiaoji of twitter for contribution.

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