First of all: what is work? Work is of two kinds: first, altering the position of matter at or near the earth’s surface relatively to other such matter; second, telling other people to do so. The first kind is unpleasant and ill paid; the second is pleasant and highly paid. The second kind is capable of indefinite extension: there are not only those who give orders, but those who give advice as to what orders should be given. Usually two opposite kinds of advice are given simultaneously by two organized bodies of men; this is called politics.
理查·道金斯(Richard Dawkins)在《解析彩虹》(Unweaving the Rainbow)一书的开篇所写的:
我们都会死,这使我们成为幸运的一群。多数人从不会死,因为他们根本就没有出生。那些应该在这儿取代我位置的却从没见过一日天光的人,多如阿拉伯的沙粒。那些从未出生的灵魂中,定然有超过济慈的诗人,也有科学家胜过牛顿。我们敢这样说是因为知道人类所允许的DNA组合,远超实际活过的人数。从使人晕头转向的劫数的利齿下逃生的,是你和我,平凡普通,但是我们在这儿了。
王烁先生和我共同翻译了一本关于写作的书,史蒂芬·平克 (Steven Pinker)所写的 The Sense of Style(中文暂名《风格的感觉》)。翻到第三章,小标题叫the curse of knowledge,初稿翻译成“知识的诅咒”,发给心理学者、《精进》的作者采铜看,他认为“知识的诅咒”的译法有问题,本身就有“the curse of knowledge”的特点。
the curse of knowledge 是什么意思呢?就是一个人对某件事情知情,而别人不知情,但是这个知情的人,想当然地认为别人知道的跟自己一样多,从而没有利用这些知识和信息来获得利益。比如说,在二手车市场上,卖家对自己的车况是知情的,买家是不知情的。但是,研究者发现,卖家心里总觉得买家对这辆二手车的了解跟自己一样多,从而没有以次充好,利用自己知情的优势来获得便宜。这在经济学上就叫the curse of knowledge ,或者沿用过去的翻译,“知识的诅咒”。
采纳他的建议,我把the curse of knowledge 译成了“知情的魔咒”,并且加了一条译注。
【译注:the curse of knowledge,此处译成“知情的魔咒”。一般翻译成“知识的诅咒”,但是这是一个误译。因为knowledge在这里的意思是the state of knowing about a particular fact or situation,对应的中文词是:“知晓;知悉;了解”,而不是通常意义上讲的(通过教育和经验获取的)“知识”。故应翻译成“知情”。而curse在这里的意思也不是中文里的“诅咒”“咒怨”,而是,something that causes harm or evil,中文一般翻译成“祸根;祸端; 祸水”,但是在这里翻译成“祸根”,又太重了。斟酌再三,决定翻译成“魔咒”。有点魔幻,有点无奈,还带一点轻松幽默。如果沿用以前的翻译“知识的诅咒”,在汉语里会引起很多误解,作家采铜对译者说,若翻译成“知识的诅咒”,会给人以“有了知识就遭受了厄运”的感觉,这种翻译本身就是一种the curse of knowledge,因此他也建议翻译成“知情的魔咒”或“知晓的魔咒”】
E .B. White是《风格要素》《夏洛的网》《精灵鼠小弟》的作者,1974年3月有一天他接到一封读者来信,信中表达了他对人类对自己的失望。74岁的 E. B. White读者回了一封信。
Dear Mr. Nadeau:
As long as there is one upright man, as long as there is one compassionate woman, the contagion may spread and the scene is not desolate. Hope is the thing that is left to us, in a bad time. I shall get up Sunday morning and wind the clock, as a contribution to order and steadfastness.
Sailors have an expression about the weather: they say, the weather is a great bluffer. I guess the same is true of our human society – things can look dark, then a break shows in the clouds, and all is changed, sometimes rather suddenly. It is quite obvious that the human race has made a queer mess of life on this planet. But as a people we probably harbor seeds of goodness that have lain for a long time waiting to sprout when the conditions are right. Man’s curiosity, his relentlessness, his inventiveness, his ingenuity have led him into deep trouble. We can only hope that these same traits will enable him to claw his way out.